"The Woman Warrior" by Maxine Hong Kingston Report by aLex Cruz

"The Woman Warrior" by Maxine Hong Kingston

This a book written by Maxine Hong Kingston in 1976. It is a book about growth in individuals, and about two different generations. It is often used to discuss women's topics, but some find it supports sociology, literary, ethnic and historical issues. She has this ability to manage the concerns of how formation of identity in Chinese women is possible that have been oppressed by the Chinese male tradition. Kingston's also has a knack for story telling, it is continuing the Chinese art of "talk story".

The book is mostly a collection of her mother's, father's and her own experiences. She also imagined some of it. This book is not an autobiography she says but it combines truth and fiction as if it was. "The Woman Warrior" is loved because it's an inspiration about female empowerment. Pin-chia Feng had this to say about it "Kingston's writting..... embodies the collective spirit of the Chinese American community."

The book first starts with Kingston's mother telling her a story that she must know but never tell again. The story is about her aunt that she never knew she had. Back in Chins her aunt became pregnant after her husband had come to America.Being married signified that all the men who went to America were to come home and return to their places in the Chinese society. But since her aunt commited adultur it destroyed that society. Once her aunt was noticibly pregnant,the angry villagers attacked the family. The aunt feels ashamed and alone so she drowns herself and the baby in the family well. Kingston then feels ashamed for forgetting the existance of her aunt, a pratice that her family did. Kingston growing up in America doesn't know what kind of Chinese girl to be. She is expected to be a ife/slave, but all she wants to be is a woman warrior. She writes about herself being Fa Mu Lan, and leaves her family to go train in the mountains with an elderly couple for years. Because of her training Kingston changes and she can now see things in a dancing state. She fights barbarians and a baron and makes her village and country proud. After that she returns to her home to become "a dutiful wife and mom" (shmoop.com).

Her mom (Brave Child) back in China was a surgeon. In this part of the book we go back to her mother's past. When her mom is in medical school in China, the other grls ar afraid of a "haunted" room. Brave Child shows everyone by staying in the room for a few nights. In fact she does find some ghost there, so she organizes an exorcism of the room. Then a while laterBrave Child sets up a makeshift hospital to treat war victims. The caves were also a hiding from the Japanese air raids. Kingston then tells a stroy of a weird woman that lives there. She like to go to the river to get water and then dance in the open space. The other cave people accuse the women of being a spy and decide to stoine her to death.

Brave Orchid calls her younger sister, Moon Orchid. Moon Orchid is married to some guy that lives in America, but she hasn't heard from in years. Brave Orchid tells her sister to confront er husband and tell him what's up. Moon Orchid confesses that her husband doesn't want to see her anymore because he has a second wife. Moon Child then moves in with Brave Child's family in San Francisco, while her daugther (Moon Orchid's) visits. Brave Orchid wants to go meet the infamous husband and asks her son to drive them back to LA, once Moon Orchid's daugther has to return. Once she meets the husband she finds out that the husband is a brain surgen and his "wife" is the receptionist. She then tells Moon Orchid to go and demand to be treated like a first wife. But Moon Orchid just gives up and wants to die. Brave orchid then tells her son to call the doctor down. When the doctor comes down is disappointed in seeing Moon Orchid in the US. He says that he now has a new life in the US, with a new wife and doesn't want his past anymore.

After this Moon Orchid decided to go live with her daugther. She stops writting to Brave Orchid because she is afraid to be sppied by Mexicans. Brave Orchid makes Moon Child live with her for a while but she drives everyone crazy. She does this with her morbid conspirancy theories and eventually goesd to an insane asylum. There she is happy taking care of othr girls. Brave Orchid tells her kids to not let their dad get a second wife.

The last chapter is about her childhood. Most of them are about her struggles and how to be more vocal. She says that Chinese women are loud but American feminity calls for quietness.

Rainbow Flag by aLex Cruz

The Rainbow Flag (aka Gay Pride Flag) was created in 1978 by an artist and vexillographer named Gilbert Baker. He is a friend of Harvey Milk. The flag was first presented at the San Francisco Gay and Lesbian Freedom Day Parade. It is now known worldwide as the symbol of LGBTQQ.... unity. The flag has many variations and is usually made into bumber stickers, flags and decales. The Rainbow Flag, in fact is recognized by the International Congress of Flag Makers. Each color of the Rainbow Flag has a meaning:

• Pink--------> sexuality
  Red---------> life
• Orange------> healing
• Yellow-------> sunlight
• Green-------> nature
• Turquoise---> magic
• Indigo/Blue--> serenity
• Violet--------> spirit
• Black---------> lost AIDS victims

The original flag had 8 stripes. They wer pink, red, orange, yellow, green, turquoise, indigo, and violet. 30 volunteers with Gilbert Baker, made two huge prototypes of the flag. They hand-stitched and hand-dyed it. Then in 1978 Baker called the San Francisco Paramount Flag Company and asked them if they could mass produced the flag for the 1979 Gay Parade. He found out that two stripes had to be removed. The pink stripe was removed because there wasn't any pink dye or fabric. Same with the violet stripe but also to make the flag have an even number of stripes. The black stripe is sometimes added to remember all the victims of the AIDS epidemic. In 1979 the Rainbow Flag changed in order to honoe Harvey Milk. The Turqouise stripe was eliminated, so that the colors of the flag could be evenly divide on both sides of the street were the parade was going to take place. So it was 3 colors on each side. Thus the current six color flag we see today evolved.

Stonewall Rebellion by aLex Cruz

Date of event: last weekend of June 1969 but is ongoing every year
Took Place: Stonewall Inn on Christopher Street in New York

The Stonewall Rebellion is an event that technically took place during the last weekend of June 1969, but it continued on into the 1970's. It first began with the homophobia of policemen and the Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in June of 1969, decided to infiltrate a gay bar, The Stonewall Inn(on Christopher Street in NY). They went in there claiming that they were looking for infractions of alcohol control laws. After the police checked IDs, they threw everyone out of the bar one by one. All the of the club goers were sick of always having this done to them that they decided to take a stand and fight back. Someone used a parking meter to barricade the door, thus the Police and the agents from the Alcoholic Beverage Control Board were trapped inside the bar. The police and agents destroyed the bar and called reinforcements. As the reinforcements came someone started a fire. 3 days later people started to protest for Gay Rights.
During the summer of that year 5 Gay Liberation Fronts were founded, in New York, NY; Berkeley, CA; Los Angeles, CA; San Francisco, CA; and San Jose, CA. By 1970 over 300 Gay Liberation Fronts were created. The first commemoration demonstration of the Stonewall Rebellion was held in August of 1969 in New York. Marches were then held in 1970 in New York and Los Angeles on the anniversary of the Stonewall and has become a tradition ever since. It is now know as the Gay Parade. They happen all over the US and the world. This march is a turning point in many LGBTQQ...(more letters are added but I don't know them all. Has my councillor Shanda Young says that it's an alphabet now.) people. It is when a lot of them came out of the closet and showed their power in numbers. Thus a pride was created in the LGBTQQ... community.

All in all, the Stonewall Rebellion was a defining moment for the LGBTQQ.... community, since it helped launch the Gay Rights movement. This lead them to realize that they were being attacked as a group than individually and then decided to organize as a group and fight for their rights.

Cesar Chavez by Victor Osoria

Cesar Chavez was born on March 31, 1944. He quit school after the 8th grade to work fulltime in the fields then in 1944 joined the navy. However racism kept him in menial jobs, so when he was discharged he rejoined his family and continued as a farm worker in California. Then in 1952 he met Fred Ross who was organizing Mexican Americans in barrios for voter registration, citizenship classes, and helping Mexican-American communities obtain needed facilities in the barrios while also aiding individuals with problems like welfare, contracts signed with unscrupulous salesmen, and police harassment. Chavez became an outspoken advocate of social change through nonviolent means and in July 1970 met one of his union’s most serious challenges; when the Teamsters union signed contracts that applied to farm workers with some 200 growers in California.
Chavez, however, continued on by creating the largest agricultural strike to hit California that spread over 180 miles along the coastal valleys. Then from 1972 to 1974 membership in his union dwindled from 60,000 to 5,000 but Chavez’s efforts were rewarded. Then from 1964 to 1980, wages of California migrant workers had increased 70 percent, health care benefits became a reality and a formal grievance procedure was established. Chavez continued to fight for the rights of workers up to the day of his death on April 22, 1993.

Oil Crisis by Victor Osoria

The major causes of the 1970’s Oil Crisis were quadrupled oil prices also increased government spending from the Vietnam War along with the accompanied stock market crash made things worse for United States.
The increase in oil prices was caused by the Middle East who wanted to punish western nations that supported the Israelites during the The Yom Kippur War. Prices went from twenty-five cents to a dollar in only a few months. Arabs had realized how much power they had over oil and Americans found that they could no longer afford to thoughtlessly consume oil.
The results of the Oil Crisis were dramatic and measures were taken to cope. President Nixon had begun to stockpile oil in case the military needed to carry the country. Oil was rationed; gas station voluntarily closed on Sundays, refused to sell gas to “regulars” and wouldn’t sell more then ten gallons to a customer. The public became a little energy efficient also. Families turned down thermostats to sixty-five degrees and people began to trade their mammoth cars for smaller more fuel efficient models. Companies and industries turned to coal.
However, the embargo opened a new era in international relations. It brought up oil as a weapon in political affairs and economical situations. However rising oil prices are a threat not only to the U.S. but to the rest of the world for its dependency on natural resources from Third-World countries.

Roe Vs. Wade by Zaharina Velazquez

Important people involved:
-Norma L. McCorvey (Jane Roe)
-Attorneys Linda Coffee and Sarah Weddington
-Dallas District Attorney Henry Wade
-Chief Justice Warren E. Burger
-Justice Harry Blackmun

When and Where:
The courts decision was made on January 22, 1973. Taking place in the U.S. District Court in Texas after reaching the Supreme Court in 1972.

What Happened:
In 1969, single Norma L. McCorvey discovered she was pregnant and decided she did not want the child. Texas law (at the time) allowed a woman carrying a child product of rape or incest to abort, so she claimed to have been raped. Because she had not filed a report with the police she was rejected the abortion. This eventually led her to hiring attorneys Linda Coffee and Sarah Weddington who filed a suit in the Texas court. After much dispute and many years in court, the case went to the Supreme Court were the decision was made based on the Nineteenth Amendment. The amendment protecting a persons right to privacy is broad enough to allow a woman decide whether or not she wishes to continue her pregnancy.

Order of Events:
1969- Norma L. McCorvey pregnant but doesn’t want baby
1970- Hires attorneys and goes to court.
1972- Case reaches Supreme Court on appeal.
1973- Decision made with a 7 to 2 majority in favor.

Outcomes:
The important outcome of this event was the over turning of Texas interpretation of abortion law, thus making abortion legal. This case decision stated that a woman could have an abortion in early months of pregnancy with no restrictions and with some restrictions in later months. This decision has lead to a LOT of controversies in the years following it.

Effects and Significance:
After the decision was made there was an uprise through protest. Two groups arose, pro-life supporters and pro-choice supporters, both of whom to this day continue to fight for their cause. Pro-life supporters believe that life begins at conception and therefore and abortion is taking a life. An abortion is not only a form of murder but a violation to the right to live. Pro-choice supporters believe that a woman should have the right to choose whether she wants to have the child or not.
This event is important because it is still a hot topic today. Every year, on the anniversary of the final decision to the case, people protest. Pro-life supporters continue to fight to make abortion illegal and add restrictions to it while pro-choice support the courts decision. Today, many states are unsure of what to do in response to the topic and so it is important to know how and why this was all started.

Henry Kissinger by aLex Cruz

Full Name: Henry Alfred Kissinger
D.O.B.: May 27, 1923
Place: Fuerth, Germany
Wife: Ann Fleischer (1949-1964) and Nancy Maginnes
Kids: Elizabeth and David
Education: Harvard

Career: college professor, Secretary of state, assistant to the president for National Security Affairs

Fun Facts:

1. His real name is Heinz Alfred Kissinger
2. in 1973 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize

Henry Kissinger, from 1973-1977 he was the 56th Secretary of State. This was during Nixon’s and Ford’s presidencies. Also during these presidencies he was Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs from 1969 to 1975. Kissinger's specialty is foreign policy, being a national security adviser and secretary of state. He is a German Jewish immigrant from Nazi Germany during World War II. As Nixon's National security adviser, Kissinger made the power of the White House be concentrated and made secret negations with North Vietnam, the USSR and China. He negotiated to end direct US involvement in Vietnam in 1973 and it ended with the Paris agreements.
He was named the most admirable man in America in 1972 and 1973 in the Gallup poll. He got a Noble Peace prize for his successful attempts to negotiate the Paris accords that ended US involvement in Vietnam. Many journalists called him a "genius" and "smartest guy around" after the secret trip he took in order to make preparations for Nixon's visit to China in 1972.
Kissinger's reputation took a fall after the Watergate scandal. It was discovered that he ordered the FBI to tap the phones of the Democratic parties headquarters, after he had denied that fact. Another thing that faded his reputation was his attempt to block Chile's President Salvador Allende Gossens from gaining power in 1970.
Some of Kissinger's Foreign policy successes failed in 1975and 1976. The communists' won Vietnam and that destroyed the Paris peace accords. By 1977 he had fully lost control of American Foreign Policy, but nobody ever dominated this like he did from 1969 to 1974.

Alice Walker by aLex Cruz

Date of Birth: February 9, 1944
Birthplace: Eatonton, Georgia
Education: Spelman College, Sarah Lawerence College
Career: author

Alice Walker is an American writer that has short stories, novels and poems that are centered on African American culture. She was the eight child of African American sharecroppers. As she was growing up she accidently hurt her eye that resulted in it being blind in that eye. Her mom gave her a typewriter and let her write instead of doing chores. She went to Spelman college with a scholarship and then transferred to Sarah Lawrence College. Once she graduated in 1965, she moved to Mississippi and there she became involved in Civil Rights.


In 1970, her first novel was published. That novel is "The Third Life of Grange Copeland". It is a narrative that goes 60 years and 3 generations.


In 1973 she published "Revolutionry Petunias and Other Poems" and "In Love and Trouble: Stories of Black Woman". These are centered around the theme of abuse and sexist violence in the African American community.


After moving to New York, Walker published "Meridian" in 1976. It is a the coming of age stor of many Civil Rights workers in the 1960's.


Then in 1982 we get her most famous novel published, "The Color Purple". It's a novel about an African American girl growing up and achieving self-realization in a Georgia town between the years of 1909 and 1947. This novel was eventually made into a movie by Steven Spielberg in 1985.


Alice Walker is a very good writer and she loved to write about her culture. She is most famous for her novel "The Color Purple" but she has also other works.

Richard Nixon by Zaharina Velazquez

Richard M. Nixon
January 9, 1913 - April 22,1944


Life Story:

Nixon was born in Yorba Linda California to Quakers Francis A. Nixon and Hanna Milhous Nixon. He was one of five brother, two of whom died before he was twenty-one. Early life was not easy for Nixon for in 1922 his family's farm failed and they had to move to Whitter, California where they opened up a grocery store. Though faced with tough consequences Nixon was an outstanding student. In 1930, he graduated from Whitter Highschool 2nd in his class and entered Whitter College. Throughout college, Nixon was a very involved and active young man. He was part of debates, drama production, the football, basketball and track team and student body president. After graduating from Whitter in 1934 he went Duke University of Law and graduated in 1937 3rd in his class. Though he had planned to work for the FBI, Nixon took a job as a lawyer and area in which he worked in until he entered the Navy during World War II. By which point he had already married Ms. Thelma "Pat" Ryan.

Works and Awards:

• 1945 became Lieutenant Commander in the Navy.
• 1946 won a seat in the House of Representatives for California (served for 4 years).
• Mid 1950's won a seat in the Senate also representing California.
• Held Vice-Presidency 1953-1961.
• Won Presidency in 1969-1974.

Best Known For:

Nixon's is most widely recongized for the Watergate scandel that happened during his term. His involvement lead to his resignation. The Watergate scandel occured on June 16, 1972 at the Watergate hotel where a security guard found a door into the National Democratic Headquarters taped in an attempt to break in. This was done in attempt by the Nixon administration to tarnish the reputation of the Democrats. In his attempts to create a cover up story it was clearly shown that Nixon was involved and the trials began. In 1974 the House of Representatives approved his impeachment but he resigned before they impeached him.

Why It's Important:

Nixon is significant to the 1970s because he showed that the president is not always the perfect role model. His presidency was completely corrupt, mainly by him, and brought distrust in the country. Though he had a great reputation, it was tarnished by his ambitions. His resignation lead to a 23% drop in his approvel and lead to a the Democrats later taking over as the majority in the government.

Harvey Milk by Ria

Harvey Milk (May 22, 1930- November 27, 1978) was born in Woodmere, New York in long island. his parents were William Milk and Minerva Karns. When he was a child he was often teased for having such big ears, his big nose and big feet. In class he was considered a class clown. In High School he played sports like footbal. He also found a love and passion for opera. While in High Schoolm he discovered his sexuality and he acknowledged it. He was apart of the graduation class of 1951 of Bay Shore High School. In 1972 he moved from his home of New York City of Seattle to San Francisco, California, where he took up a career in politics.














Milk was the first openly gay man to run for political office, and because of his increased popularity and theatrical campaignm he won office. He made lots of change towards the city and lots of gays were very open to their own sexuality because of Milk being such a succussul idolto the citizens of San Francisco. Sadly his career in politics was cut short, due to his death. Harvey Milk was assassinated, Milk was shot and killed in the City hall of San Francisco nt Dan white killed Milk because, just after Dan resigned, milk was against his re-appointment.

Fashion by aLex Cruz

So, you're a journalist that has decided to go to the 1970's. First of all you're undercover, so you need to know what was in fashion. Or else you'll stick out like a sore thumb. If you think that the all white 3 piece disco suit is acceptable though out the whole decade, you are wrong! Don't fall for that. Use this 1970's fashion survival guide.

In the early to mid 1970's the 1960's hippie look was still
popular. It includes frayed jeans, tie dye and Mexican peasant shirts, and mini skirts. Even though the hippie look was popular, the 1970's did come up with fashion of their own. There were two new dress lengths created; the "mids" (mid-calf) and the "maxi" (ankle-length). Another thing that was popular in this decade are hot pants. Hot pants are tight fitting shorts. The Glam rock look was also popular. The Glam rock look is composed of "high waisted, flared satin trousers or demins.... decorated with rhinestones" (Wikipedia 1), tight haltertops, metallic lame and antique velvet dresses, sequined bra tops, turbans, imitiation rabbit-fur jackets, satin hot pants and ostrich feather boas.
Another trend in the 1970's was Platform shoes. Platform shoes are shoes that have 2-4 inch thick soles. They were both worn by men and women. The fitted blazer was also in fashion. It is a blazer that is slightly flared at the hip. It was made of many different fabrics that include; wool, velvet, suede and leather.
Pants! What kinds of pants were worn? Well in the mid 1970's high-waisted jeans and pants with wide, flared legs became popular. In the later 1970'sstaright, cigarette-jeans became popular. Then parallel jeans were in style. They are flared jeans that stop at the mid-calf.

Then in the in the mid-1970's Punk fashion invaded the US from Britatain. Punk fashion is a look composed of ripped jeans, scrappy haircuts, torn t-shirts, and worn/torn/studded/decorated with buttons leather (or denim) jackets. In this style there was a very high Do It Yourself quality. People of this movement often added safety pins, spikes, buttons, black PVC take, and spikes to their clothes. Popular pants were bondage pants. Bondage pants are hard to explain so just look at the picture. So that's your guide to 1970's Fashhion. Come back soon to learn about the types of punk fashion. It is really interesting and will help you if you are trying to go undercover in the punk underworld. Well tata for now.

Skylab by aLex Cruz

Important people involved:
Took place: NASA Kennedy Space Center, outerspace, Charles C. Conrad Jr., Paul J. Weitz, Joseph Kerwin, Alan A. Bean, Jack R. Lousman, Owen K. Garriott, Gerald P. Carr, Willian R. Pogue, and Edward G. Gibson

Skylab is NASA's first space station fully designed for experiments. The goals of Skylab were; to prove that human beings are fully capable of living and working in outerspace for long periods of time and also it helped expand our knowledge of outerspace outside the Earth. The accomplishments of Skylab include having 3 3-man crews on it for a total of 171 days and 13 hours. There 300 science and technical experiments were made. Many of those experiments include; experiments to see how human's adapt to zero gravity, observations of the sun, and experiments detailing Earth resources. Sadly, Skylab crashed down into Earth on July 11, 1979 and its pieces scattered over the Indian Ocean and parts of Western Australia.
Skylab was launched in May 14, 1973 by the NASA Kennedy Space Station. It was launched by a Saturn V launcher (a left over moon rockect from the Apollo Space Program). 63 seconds after liftoff, the meteor shield deattached by the drag of the atmosphere. This lead to a 10 day time of problems for Skylab. When the meteroid shield deattached it messed up the the space ship to get at an angle that did not allow its solar panels to get any sunlight thus leaving Skylab without power. This caused Skylab to overheat dangerously. So a team of engineers, astronuats and management people in NASA Marshall Space Flight Center attempted to come up with a plan to save Skylab. They were sucessful.
The second Skylab mission was on May 25 to June 22, 1973. This mission lasted 28 days and 50 minutes. The crew made many repairs to Skylab to save it. They added a parasol sunshade to cool the the temperature to 75 degrees F. Then by Jue 4th of that year the workroom was ready for use. The crew then made solar astronomy experiments, and medical studies. Totals; 404 orbits and 392 experiment hours.
The third Skylab mission was on July 28 to September 25, 1973. In this mission the crew countinued fixing the space ship and their experiments. Totals; 858 Earth orbits, 1,081 hours of solar and Earth experiments.
The fourth Skylab mission was on November 16, 1973 to February 8, 1974. This was the last of the Skylab missions. It was when the observation of the Comet Kohoutek took place. Totals; 1,214 Earth orbits.

Jimmy Carter by aLex Cruz

Jimmy Carter
Full Name: James Earl Carter Jr.
D.O.B.: October 1st 1924
Place: Plains, Georgia
Wife: Rosalynn Smith
Kids: John William (Jack), James Earl III (Chip), Donnel Jeffrey (Jeff), and Amy Lynn

Education: Naval Academy in Annapolis

Career: Peanut Farmer, in the Navy, and Politician

Fun fact: He has a very recognizable smile.

List of important works:

1. President of the United States 1977-1981
2. 39th President
3. is 5 feet 9.5 inches tall
4. Had a giant peanut-shaped balloon at his ignaguration day
5. won the 2002 Nobel Peace prize

Jimmy Carter was born in Plains, Georgia on October 1st, 1924. He was brought up by a lot of topics that followed him through out his life: Baptist faith, Peanut farming, and talk of politics. Then in 1946, when He graduated from Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland; he decided to get married to Rosalynn Smith. Then after 7 years of service in the Navy, he entered state politics in Georgia. Eventually in 1970 Carter became Governor of Georgia. He was different from the other politicians because he emphasized ecology, the removal of racial barriers and efficiency in government. Then in December of 1974, 4 months after Nixon’s resignation, Carter decided to run for President. He began a two-year campaign that was highly successful. Carter chose Senator Walter F. Mondale of Minnesota as his Vice President. Carter eventually won President Ford (was running for re-election) 297 electoral votes to 241.
Carter’s presidency was hard. First he had to deal with the "continuing economic woes of inflation and unemployment" (whitehouse.gov). This lead to a short recession, but by the end of his presidency, Carter succeeded in creating almost 8 million jobs and a decrease in the budget deficit. Carter also had to deal with domestic problems. He solved the energy shortage by making the national energy policy and by releasing control of domestic petroleum prices. He also improved the environment by expanding the national park system. The national park system now included 103 million acres of Alaska. Carter also increased human and social services by many ways. Those ways include; creating the Department of Education, supporting the Social Security system and making the Government more of a melting pot by appointing "…record numbers of women, blacks, and Hispanics…" (whitehouse.gov). In foreign affairs is where Carter found most of the trouble for his presidency. Carter was the champion of human rights. He pretty much wanted everyone in the world to have America’s unalienable rights (right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness). He renamed the "Unalienable rights" to "Human rights". These beliefs of Carter were not kindly accepted in the Soviet Union or in other nations. Even if his "Human rights" beliefs were not 100% successful, he did help Egypt and Israel to stop fighting with the Camp David Agreement of 1978. Another foreign affair that was a success was the ratification of the Panama Canal treaties. Other major successes were making full diplomatic relations with China (People’s Republic of China) and signing the SALT II nuclear limitation treaty with the USSR. Then the Iran hostage crisis happened. The Iranian people took hostage 52 American embassy staff and refused to release them. They didn’t release them until 444 days later on the inauguration day of Ronald Regan.

Jesse Jackson by Jerilyn Nick

• Name: Jesse Jackson


• Birth date: October 8, 1941
  
• Greenvile, South Carolina

Jackson is an American civil rights leader and a Baptist minister who became involved in the civil rights movement. He worked in the Southern Christian Leadership Converence (SCLC), the organization lead by Martin Luther King Jr. He founded the Chicago branch of the economic arm of the SCLC, Operation Breadbasket, and served as the national director of the organization until 1971, when he was suspended for accusation of using the organization for his own gain.

Later that year, he founded Operation PUSH (people United to Save Humanity). There, he gained an audience for his views of African Americans helping themselves. In the late 1970's Jackson began traveling around the country to speak about international disputes and other problems. In 1979, he spoke out against apartheid in South Africa, and later to the Middle East to continue his campaigning. Today, Jesse Jackson continues to lead protests and give lectures advocating social activism.

• Fun Facts

-His mother married Charles Jackson when Jesse was 2 years old

-When he was a Senior in high school, Jesse was a National Junior Honor Society Student.

-A scout for the San Fransisco Giants offered Jesse a contract for $6,000 to play B level in a minor league, while offering a lesser skilled white player $95,000 for A level.

Watergate Scandal by aLex Cruz

List of important people involved: Richard Nixon and his adminnistration, The Democratic Party, CREEP
Date of event: 1972 to 1974
Took place: Washington D.C.


Watergate is a scandal that happened in 1972 during the presidency of Richard N. Nixon. it is composed of a lot of political scandals between 1972 and 1974. They are illegal things that the Nixon administration did and tried to cover up. Watergate is the name of a hotel in Washington D.C. where the Democratic party was staying. The Nixon administration decided to bug the phones there and find out what the democratic party was up to. The Nixon administration denied everything and attempted to cover it up. Then it all came out, and many tried to get Nixon impeached. Nixon ended up resigning on August 8 of 1974. The web of political scandal that now is synonymous with Watergate include; "bribery, extortion, phone tapping, conspiracy, obstruction of justice, destruction of evidence, tax fraud , illegal use of government agencies such as the CIA and the FBI, illegal campaign contributions and use of public money for private purposes" (Watergate.info 1).

Watergate is the political scandal of the 1970's, and is what ruined Nixon's reputation. Nixon had a fine reputation before this.He served in the comission to find communists and was liked for doing that. That helped Nixon get elected president in 1968. Then around 1972 people from the Republican party were caught attempting to bug the Democrats' phones at the Watergate Hotel (the Democratic Party's headquarters). Nixon denied any affiliation with them and attempted to cover this up by using the CIA. The guys that were arrested were Virgilio Gonzalez, Bernard Barker, James W. McCord Jr., Eugenio Martinez, and Frank Stugis. They were all part of CREEP (Commitee to Re-Elect the President). Then an investigation took place. It found evidence that the Republican Party was paying expensive for those 5 dudes, and that they were part of CREEP. This made Nixon look bad. His popularity dropped and was eventually almost impeached. He eneded up resigning in August of 1974, before that happened.

Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT) By aLex Cruz

Important people involved: Richard Nixon and his administration, Lenoid Brezhnev and his administration
Date of event: November 1969 to May 1972

SALT happened in the 1970's, what is that? SALT stands for Strategic Arms Limitation Talks/Treaties. It is a series of talks and treaties between the US and the USSR. The first one began in November of 1969 and the last one happened in may of 1972. The goal of these talks and treaties were to put limits and restraints on their nuclear weapons. They did this in order to avoid another Cuban missile crisis. The US and the USSR were now getting more and more worried about destroying the world by nuclear means. These talks also helped calm down the people that were constantly worried about this "nuclear annihilation" thing. The talks ended up making the Anti-Ballistic Missile treaty and the Interim Agreement on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms.

These talks began in November of 1969 (First year of Nixon's presidency) and ended in January of 1972. The results of these talks were the signing of two treaties on May 26, 1972. Those two treaties were the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM Treaty) and the Interim Agreement on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms. The Interim Agreement is an agreement between the US and USSR to have a period of 5 years where it froze the number of strategic ballistic missles to how many they had in 1972. Building more land-based ICBM silos was strictly prohibited. On the other hand ICBM's could be modernized to specific dimmensions.

The irony of all of this is that the US and USSR did this in the first place to reduce the number of nuclear arms but it just launched a competition to see who had the most weapons.